This command is irreversible, unlike deleting files in the Finder and being able to restore them from the Trash. When this command is executed, all files and directories inside of the path you specify will be deleted immediately. What it does: sudo or super user do is a command that allows you to elevate your user privileges while executing the command to administrator privileges.
This is required for some commands to run —for instance removing a file that is owned by another user. When you run this command, you will see a password field appear in the Terminal where you will need to type your user account password to finish the command execution. What it does: You'll see the stats of your system updated in the Terminal window, including the memory, CPU and disk utilization.
You'll also see a running list of the top apps using the CPU and their state, ports used, memory per app and more, without needing to open the Activity Monitor app on your Mac. What it does: For commands that run in perpetuity when executed, you can end execution of the process by pressing the q key on your keyboard.
Example: After executing a command, such as top to view active processes, press "q" to exit. Figure L. What it does: It removes all previously typed commands from the Terminal view and gives you back a clean slate to work from.
What it does: The ditto command will execute a copy of all of the contents of one folder into another folder that you specify. This is great for when you need to start a new project and use an older project as a base, or just copy files in a folder from your computer to an external drive. Add a -V as in the example below to get verbose output for each file copied.
What it does: When you want to get a short description of a command and what it does on your Mac, use this command to find out. What it does: Most commands in the Terminal ship with a manual that allows you to get help or look up arguments and other information on what a command does. Use this man command when you want to find more information about a particular command.
PowerShell uses a semicolon ; to delimit statements. To interpret a semicolon ; as a command delimiter for wt command-line arguments, you need to escape semicolon characters using backticks. To open a new terminal instance with multiple tabs, in this case a Command Prompt profile and a PowerShell profile, enter:.
To open a new terminal instance with one tab containing three panes running a Command Prompt profile, a PowerShell profile, and your default profile running a WSL command line, enter:. The -H flag or --horizontal indicates that you would like the panes to be split horizontally. The -V flag or --vertical indicates that you would like the panes split vertically. The new-tab and split-pane commands can be sequenced to get multiple tabs, each with split panes.
To open a new terminal instance with two tabs, each with two panes running a Command Prompt and a WSL command line, with each tab in a different directory, enter:. Note to specify a Windows directory as the starting directory for wsl. To open a new terminal instance with custom tab titles, use the --title argument. To set the title of each tab when opening two tabs, enter:. To open a new terminal instance allowing applications within it to set the tab title by sending title change messages, use the --useApplicationTitle flag.
To suppress these messages, use the --suppressApplicationTitle flag. If none of these flags are provided, the behavior is inherited from the profile's settings. To open a tab with title tabname that will not be overridden by the application, enter:. To open a new terminal instance with custom tab colors, use the --tabColor argument.
This argument overrides the value defined in the profile, but can be overridden as well using the tab color picker. In the following example, a new terminal is created with two tabs of different colors:. When --tabColor is set for a tab, it is associated with the first pane of this tab. Hence in a tab with multiple panes, the color will be applied only if the first pane is in focus.
There is often no feedback after a command has run and it is possible to delete an entire computer with a single command: no warning will pop up. As a result, the command line must be used with caution. Make sure not to blindly copy and paste commands you find online; only rely on trusted resources for any command you don't fully understand.
In practice, multiple terms are used to refer to the command line: Command Line Interface CLI , console, terminal, shell, or prompt. Technically speaking, the terminal is the program that opens up a new window to access the command line, a console is a text-based application, the shell is the program that runs commands on the underlying operating system, and the prompt is where commands are typed and run. It is easy to be confused by these terms initially but they all essentially mean the same thing: the command line is where we run and execute text-only commands on our computer.
On Windows, the built-in terminal and shell are both called PowerShell. To access it, locate the taskbar on the bottom of the screen next to the Windows button and type in "powershell" to launch the app.
Here is how it looks on my computer. Before the prompt is PS which refers to PowerShell, the initial C directory of the Windows operating system, followed by the Users directory and the current user which, on my personal computers, is wsv.
Your username will obviously be different. On macOS, the built-in terminal is called appropriately enough Terminal. It can be opened via Spotlight: press the Command and space bar keys at the same time and then type in "terminal. It varies by computer and can be customized later on. Starting in , macOS switched from Bash to zsh as the default shell. While most of the commands in this book will work interchangeably, it is recommended to look up online how to change to zsh via System Preferences if your computer still uses Bash.
There are many available shell commands but most developers rely on the same handful over and over again and look up more complicated ones as needed. As with all shell commands, type the command itself followed by the return key. Note that the symbol represents a comment and will not be executed on the command line.
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